4-(high molecular weight alkyl-substituted carbophenoxy)phthalic anhydride and analogous diacid

ABSTRACT

TITLE COMPOUNDS ARE NOVEL OIL-SOLUBLE ANHYDRIDES AND THEIR ANALOGOUS DIACIDS. THE ANHYDRIDES ARE OBTAINED BY REACTION OF C30-214 ALKYL-SUBSTITUTED PHENOL WITH 4-ACID CHLORIDE OF TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE WHICH CAN BE READILY HYDROLYZED WITH WATER TO THE ANALOGOUS DIACIDS. THE TITLE COMPOUNDS ARE USEFUL ANTI-RUST AND/OR ANTI-WEAR ADDITION AGENTS FOR LUBRICANTS AND AS INTERMEDIATE REACTANTS WITH ALCOHOLS AND AMINES FOR PREPARATION OF ESTER, AMIDE AND IMIDE DERIVATIVES ALSO USEFUL AS ADDITION AGENTS FOR LUBRICANTS, ESPECIALLY MINERAL OIL BASED LUBRICANTS.

United States Patent 3,833,618 4-[HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ALKYL-SUBSTI- TUTED CARBOPHENOXY] PHTHALIC ANHY- DRIDE AND ANALOGOUS DIACID Edmund J. Piasek, Chicago, and Imre Puskas, Glen Ellyn, 11]., assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, Ill. No Drawing. Original application Sept. 16, 1970, Ser. No. 72,831. Divided and this application Sept. 29, 1972, Ser. No. 293,647

Int. Cl. C07c 63/18, 69/76 US. Cl. 260346.3 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Title compounds are novel oil-soluble anhydrides and their analogous diacids. The anhydrides are obtained by reaction of C -C alkyl-substituted phenol with 4-acid chloride of trimellitic anhydride Which can be readily hydrolyzed with water to the analogous diacids. The title compounds are useful anti-rust and/or anti-wear addition agents for lubricants and as intermediate reactants with alcohols and amines for preparation of ester, amide and imide derivatives also useful as addition agents for lubricants, especially mineral oil based lubricants.

RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is directed to acid and anhydride of title compounds and is a division of copending application Ser. No. 72,831, til-led Sept. 16, 1970, which is now directed to imide derivatives of the above anhydrides, and is now copending. Ester and amide derivatives of title anhydride and acid are, respectively, the subject of copending applications Ser. No. 293,646 and Ser. No. 293,645.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Trimellitic acid -(1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid) although known for some time, has only become commercially available in recent years in the form of its intramolecular anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, which also may be named 4-carboxyphthalic anhydride. Interest in this trifunctional acid and its simple or monomolecular anhydride has been mainly in the preparation of simple triesters, for example trimethyl, and triethyl esters, triesters from primary C and C oxo-alcohols and trialkyl esters among other related simple esters; poly-(amideimides) resin mainly from diamines which are aromatic in nature; and polyesters related to alkyd resins wherein alkyd forming diols and triols are used with modification by oil-type fatty acids, monoand di-basic acids to obtain oil or water base surface coating compositions.

Little attention, other than than to simple esters as synthetic oils, has been publicized for the potential use of trimellitic acid or its simple anhydride as a building block for the preparation of derivatives soluble in mineral oil, such as the mineral lubricant oils, which would provide addition agents therefor to improve the lubricant oil in service use. It may well be that potential lubricant oil addition agents have been prepared from trimellitic acid or its simple anhydride and have been found to be unsuccessful for the intended additive purpose and, like other unsuccessful reasearch, gone unpublished. Such lack of success may well have come about by the unusual reactivity of the simple anhydride of trimellitic acid. Each of the three carboxyl groups of trimellitic acid have substantially the same reactivity. But the 4-carboxyl group of the simple anhydride is somewhat less reactive than the carboxyl equivalents of the anhydride ring.

That different reactivity makes difficult the selective introduction of a variety of groups by way of varying carboxyl group modifications. Also the trifunctionality of trimellitic acid and its simple anhydride is available to "ice" cause cross-linking which, although leading to high molecular weight end products with new and varied functional groups, also leads to gel or resin formation not generally desirable for lubricant oil addition agents.

We have discovered a novel class of compounds which are derivatives of trimellitic acid and are soluble in mineral oil. Some members of this class are detergentdispersant addition agents and hence are useful in the formation of crankcase lubricant oils. Other members of this class, while not meeting present day requiremnts for detergency-dispersancy function in crankcase lubricant oils, are oil soluble and provide anti-wear or anti-rust or synthetic oil addition agents useful in the formulation of crankcase lubricant oils, or greases or other lubricants where those additive functions are needed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Our novel class of trimellitic acid derivatives all contain the 4-[alkyl-substituted carbophenoxy] group, wherein the alkyl-substituent contains 30 or more carbon atoms. Said novel class of derivatives are all derived from a 4- acid halide, preferably 4-acid chloride, of the simple trimellitic acid anhydride. The simplest member of said 4- [alkyl-s-ubstituted carbophenoxy] containing derivatives of trimellitic acid is the anhydride which can be illustrated structurally as follows:

wherein R is the alkyl-substituent having 30 or more carbon atoms. Said R group '(alkyl-subs-tituent) can be on a ring carbon ortho or para with respect to the ring oarbon attached to the oxygen atom. The species of compounds of formula I can be named as 4-alkylphenyl ester of trimellitic anhydride. But this would not well serve as a class name for other members of the class derived from reactions involving the difunctional anhydride ring. Hence the class family name for compounds of formula (I) and derivatives thereof will be hereafter based on 4-(-alkylsubstituted carbophenoxy) phthalic anhydride.

Other members of the novel class of 4- [alkyl-substituted carbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride include the phthalic acid analog which has the same structure of formula (1) except the anhydride ring is opened (e g. with one mole of Water) and is replaced by two vicinal carboxyl groups; simple monoand diesters derived from monohydroxy alcohols, R'OH wherein R is an alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms; monoand di-hydroxyal'kyl esters derived from diols and triols; monoand di-ether esters derived from alkoxy alkanols and hydroxy alkoxy alkanols; monoand diamides derived from nitrogencontaining compounds having at least one HN group; and imides derived from nitrogen-containing compounds having at least one H N group, i.e. primary amines.

Members of the simplest form of the novel inventive compounds, i.e. compounds having formula (I) are readily prepared by reaction of an alkyl-substituted phenol whose alkyl-substituent has 30 or more carbon atoms with the 4-acid halide of trimellitic anhydride in equimolecular proportions under conditions which remove the by-product hydrogen halide formed. Said hydrohalide is of no further use in this reaction, is not needed for the preparation of other members of the novel inventive class of compounds and its presence is undesirable for the lubricant formulating use for which said novel class of compounds can be used to advantage. Preference is for 4-acid chloride of trimellitic acid as the reactant with the alkylsubstituted phenol. Hereinafter said 4-acid chloride of 3 trimellitic anhydride is, for convenience, referred to as TMAC.

The reaction of TMAC with the alkyl-substituted phenol (alkyl group of or more carbon atoms) is not a novel reaction. The reactions involved in the preparation of the diacid analog, the ester, hydroxy ester, amide and imide derivatives of compounds having the structure of formula (I) also are not novel reactions because they are of the same types known from the preparations of analogous derivatives of phthalic anhydride. In those preparative methods where water is a by-product, it is a common expedient to conduct at least a portion of the reaction under conditions which remove by-product water. Also the use of catalysis Where advantageous to produce analogous phthalic anhydride derivatives will, in general, be found to be advantageous in the preparation of like derivatives of compounds having the structure of formula (I).

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION (A) Alkyl-Substituent in Formula (I) v Suitable alkyl-substituents are those, as before mentioned, having 30 or more carbon atoms. The lower limit of 30 carbon atoms is essential to insure oil-solubility at least in the concentration range of 0.01 to 10.0 weight percent which is the range ordinarily used for addition agents used with mineral oils of the lubricating oil types. The upper carbon atom limit of the alkyl-substituent does not appear to be critical for oil-solubility but rather is, as a practical matter, imposed only by the size availability of alkyl-substituted phenols or the size availability of alkylating agents (alcohols or mono-olefins) reacted with phenol in the preparation of the alkyl-substituted phenol. The size of the alkyl-substituent upward from 30 carbon atoms does not change the reactivity of the alkylphenol, does not enter into any of the reactions and thus the alkylsubstituent can be any size above 30 carbon atoms.

At present the availability of reactants to supply the alkyl-substituent on the phenol ring provides a practical limitation on the size of the alkyl-substituent of about 3000 number average molecular weight (11,) because these alkylating agents are primarily mono-olefinic polybutenes. Such polybutenes are polymers from the Friedel- Crafts catalyzed polymerization of isobutylene and mixtures of the isomeric butenes: butene-l, butene-Z and isobutylene. Usually A101 is the catalyst for the preparation of such polybutenes and the resulting product contains approximately one double bond per molecule. Polypropenes obtained by AlCl catalyzed polymerization of propene likewise contain nearly one double bond per polymer molecule but the upper limit in fi of commercial polypropylenes is about 1200 M The polybutenes and polypropenes are both suitable reactants for preparation of the alkyl-substituted, respectively polybutyl and polypropyl, phenols. Said 3000 IL represent a number average (M carbon content of about 214.

Other suitable alkyl-substituted phenols whose alkyl groups have from 30 and upward carbon atoms are those obtained from the alkylation of phenol with natural or synthetic alcohols, or olefins derived from petroleum wax hydrocarbons and other high molecular Weight petroleum fractions or from cationic polymers of olefins other than said propene and butenes.

The alkyl-substituted phenol supplying the alkyl-substituent in formula (I) above thus has for present practical purposes 30 to 214 carbon atoms and preferably is a polybutyl-substituted phenol wherein the polybutyl-substituent has 30 to 214 total carbon atoms.

(B) The Alcohol Reactants Ester derivatives of Formula I compounds are obtained by reacting Formula I type compounds with a compound containing at least one -OH group such as mono-, di-, tri-, tetra, and heXa-hydric alcohols; aldoses; monodiand poly-alkoxy alcohols; hydroxyalkoxy alcohols; tri- (hydroxyalkyDamines; and hydroxy aromatic compounds in the respective reactant molar ratio of 1.0:1.02.0. Specific -OH group containing reactants include the (l -C monohydric alkanol: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, iso'butyl alcohol, sec.-butyl alcohol, tert.-butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-propanol, sec.-amyl alcohol, diethylcarbinol, tert.-amyl alcohol, tert.-butyl carbinol, methyl-isopropyl carbinol, n-hexyl alcohol, oxo-hexyl alcohols, n-heptyl alcohol, oXo-heptyl alcohols, n-octyl alcohol, Z-ethyl hexanol, oxo-octyl alcohols, n-nonyl alcohol, oxo-nonyl alcohols, n-decyl alcohol, oXo-decyl alcohols, n-dodecyl alcohol, oxodecyl alcohols, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol,

methylcyclohexanols, benzyl alcohol and phenylethanol;

dihydric alcohols: ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, heptamethylene glycol, octamethylene glycol, nonamethylene glycol, decamethylene glycol, dodecamethylene glycol and their equivalent alkylene oxides R CECH2) 0 wherein R" is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; the tri-, tetra, heptaand hexahydric alcohols; glycerol, 1,2,3-trihydroxybutane, erythritol, dulcitol, d-mannitol, d-sorbitol; the aldoses and ketoses; glyceraldehyde, threose, erythrose, lyxose, Xylose, arabinose, ribose, talose, galactose, idose, gulose, fructose, mannose, glucose, altrose and allose; the mono-, diand poly-alkoxy alcohols; methoxyethanol, ethoxyethanol, propoxyethanol, butoxyethanol, amoxyethanol, hexoxyethanol, octoxyethanol, decoxyethanol, dodecoxyethanol, methoxypropanol, Z-methoxy-Z-methyl ethanol, ethoxypropanol, 2-ethoxy-2- methylethanol, 2-propoxypropanol, 2-propoXy-2-methylethanol, isopropoXy-2-methyl-ethanol, butoxy-Z-methyh ethanol, isobutoxy-Z-methyl ethanol, methoxyethoxyethanol, Z-methoxyethoxy-Z-methylethanol, ethoxyethoxyethanol, propoxyethoxyethanol, propoxy-Z-methylethoxy-Z- methylethanol, methoXy-ethoxyethoxyethanol, ethoxyethoxyethoxyethanol, propoxyethoxyethoxyethanol, butoxyethoxyethoxyethanol, and methoxypropoxypropoxyethoxyethanol, hydroxypropoxypropanol, di(2-hydroxy-2 methyl)ethyl ether, hydroxyethoxypropanol, Z-hydroxyethoxy-Z-methylethanol and like esters of the other foregoing dihydric alcohols; tri(hydroxymethyl)amine, tri- (hydroxyethyl) amine, tri(hydroxypropyl)amine, tri(2-hydroxy-2-methylethyl)amine and like =tri(hydroxyalkyl)- amine derivatives of the other foregoing dihydric alcohols and ammonia condensed in the respective reactant molar ratio of 3.0:1.0; and the hydroxyaromatic compounds: phenol, cresols, ethylphenols, Xylenols, thymol, carvacrol, naphthols, pyrocatechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone, phloroglucinol, hydroxy diphenyl, benzylphenol, phenethylphenol and tolylnaphthol among others.

(C) The Amine Reactants The amines contemplated herein are those which contain an amino group characterized by the presence of at least one active hydrogen atom. Such amines may contain only primary amino groups, only secondary amino groups, or both primary and secondary groups. Typical amines are the alkylenepolyamines, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, polyalkylene polyamines (e.g. diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine); the aromatic amines 0-, mand p-phenylcne diamine, diamine naphthalene; the acylated polyalkylpolyamines, N-acetyl tetraethylenepen-tamine, and the corresponding formyl-, propionyl-, butyroyl-, and the like N-substituted compounds; and the corresponding cyclized compounds formed therefrom, such as the N- alkyl amines of imidazolidine and pyrimidine. Secondary heterocyclic amines which are suitable are those characterized by attachment of a hydrogen atom to a nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic group. Representative of the amines contemplated herein are morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrrolidine, indole, pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, imidazole, imidazoline, imidazolidine, piperidine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine and their substituted analogs. Substituent groups attached to the carbon atoms of these amines are typified by alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, and amino compounds referred to above.

Suitable alkylene polyamine reactants include ethylendiamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hxamine, hexaethylene heptamine, heptaethylene octamine, octamethylene nonamine, nonaethylene decamine and decaethylene undecamine and mixture of such amines having nitrogen contents corresponding to the alkylene polyamines, in the formula H N(ANH--) 'H, mentioned before, A is divalent ethylene groups and It is 1 to of the foregoing formula. Corresponding propylene polyamines such as propylene diamine and -di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-propylene tri-, itetra-, pentaand hexa-amines are also suitable reactants. The alkylene polyamines are usually obtained by the reaction of ammonium and dihalo alkanes, such as dichloro alkanes. Thus the alkylene polyamines obtained from the reaction of 2 to 11 moles of ammonia with 1 to 10 moles of dichloro alkanes having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and the chlorines on diiferent carbons are suitable alkylene poly amine reactants.

[Also suitable are condensation products of urea or thiourea and the alkylene polyamines wherein for each X moles of urea or thiourea 2X moles of alkylene polyamine are used. Such a condensation product from two moles of alkylene polyamine and one mole of urea has the formula:

Also suitable are polyalkylpolyamines having the for mula:

a H2NRz-N wherein R is a divalent alkylene radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R and R are each alkyl radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Such polyal-kylpolyamines are C to C dialkyl N-substitu-ted derivatives of the alkylene polyamines mentioned above. Illustrative R and R substituents include N',N'-dimethyl-, N',N'-diethyl, N',N'-di-n-propyl, N',N'-di-isopropyl, N',N'-di-n-butyl, N',N'-diisobutyl, N,N'-di-tert.butyl, N',N-di-n-amyl, N,N'-di-isoamyl, N',N'-di-tert.-amyl, N',N'-di-n-hexyl, N',N-di-n-octyl, N',N-di(2-ethylhexyl), N',N'-di-(2- methyl-heptyl), N',N'-dinonyl, N',N-didecyl and N',N'- didodecyl among other substituted 1,2-ethanediamine, 1,2- propanediamine, 1,3-propane diamine, 1,3-hexane dia mine, 1,6-hexane diamine, 1,3-pentane diamine, 1,3-butane diamine, 1,4-butane diamine and other like C -C alkane diamines.

Also suitable as amine reactants are the hydroxyalkyl substituted amines which have at least one reactive hydrogen on a nitrogen. Such hydroxy alkyl-substituted amines can be derivatives of ammonia, primary amines, diamino alkanes and alkylene polyamines derived therefrom by reaction with epichlorohydrin or its homologs or analogs. Illustrative of such hydroxyalkyl-substituted amines are monoand di-hydroxyethyl amine; monoand di-hydroxypropyl amine; monoand di-2-hydroxypropylamine; hydroxyethyl methylamine; hydroxyethylaanine; hydroxyethyl hexylamine; hydroxyoctlamine; 2-hydr0xypropyl methylamine; Z-hydroxypropyl hexylamine; mono-, diand tri-hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine; monoto tetra-hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine; monothrough trihydroxyethyl hexane diamine; monothrough tri-Z-hydroxypropyl ethylene diamine; hydroxyethyl-cyclohexylamine; monothrough tri-hydroxyethyl phenylene diamine, monothrough tri-2-hydroxypropyl phenylene diamine; monothrough tri-hydroxyethyl cyclohexane diamine; monothrough tri-Z-hydroxypropyl cyclohexane 6. diamine; and monothrough tri-hydroxyethyl bis-aminopropyl piperazine among other like hydroxyalkyl-substituted amines.

ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS The following examples are presented to illustrate the preparation of compounds of this invention and are not intended to be a limitation of the preparative method or the products prepared.

Example 1 Polybutylphenol of 1600 fi (polybutyl group has M of about 1500 or 107 number average carbon atoms) is reacted with trimellitic anhydride acid chloride 4 61110- roformyl phthalic anhydride) to prepare a member of the class of compounds of Formula I wherein R is said C polybutyl group.

To a solution in polybutene (M 1500) containing 46.5 weight percent or 0.648 mole of said 1600 M polybutylphenol there is added 530- grams of SAE 5W oil. The resulting solution is stirred and heated to 300 F. and then 136 grams (0.648 mole) of molten trimellitic anhydride acid chloride (210 MW) are added. The resulting mixture is stirred and heated to 440 F. and held between 440 and 460 F. for three hours while injecting nitrogen gas into the liquid reaction mixture to assist removal of by-product HCl.

The resulting product is a solution containing 40 weight percent of 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride wherein the polybutyl group contains 107 number average carbon atoms (M of 1500) and has a viscosity of 860 SSU at 210 F.

Example 2 To 1900 grams of the product solution of Example 1, which contains 0.43 mole of 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride, there are added 53 grams of SAE 5W oil and 40 (0.43 mole) grams glycerol. Said mixture is stirred and heated to a temperature maintained within the range of 300 to 320 F. for three hours while injecting nitrogen gas into the liquid to assist removal of byproduct water. The resulting solution is filtered and yields a dark clear liquid containing predominantly an isomeric mixture of dihydroxypropyl 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] acid phthalates which have the formulae:

and

wherein R is polybutyl of 1500 M Example 3 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 20 grams (0.215 mole) of glycerol is used in place of 40 grams of glycerol. The resulting filtrate contains 40 weight percent of a mixture with 2-hydroxy-1,3-propylidene bis-[4 (polybutylcarbophenoxy) acid phthalate] as the predominant product.

Example 4 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.43 mole of sorbitol is used in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of a mixture predominantly consisting of isomeric pentahydroxy 4-(polybutylcarbophenoxy) acid phthalates.

Example 5 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.645 mole of sorbitol is used in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol and the reaction is conducted for 16 hours. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent mixture of sorbitolyl 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalates.

Example 6 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.482 mole sorbitol is used in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol and the reaction is conducted for 16 hours. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of a mixture predominantly consisting of isomeric pentahydroxyhexyl 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxyl acid phthalates.

Example 7 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.86 mole of sorbitol is used in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol and the reaction is conducted for 16 hours. The liquid filtrate contains 42 weight percent mixture of sorbitolyl 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalates.

Example 8 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.43 mole dextrose is used in place of 0.4 mole of glycerol. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent mixture of dextrosyl 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalates.

Example 9 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.54 mole of tetrahydroxyethyl methane is employed in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol. The liquid filtrate contains 40 Weight percent mixture of 3,3,3-(trihydroxyethyl)-propyl 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalates.

Example 10 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.43 mole of glycol is employed in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent mixture of Z-hydroxyethyl 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalates.

Example 11 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.43 mole of tri-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine is used in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of N,N-bis-2-hydroxyethylaminoethyl 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalates.

Example 12 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.86 mole of methanol is employed in place of 0.43 mole of glycerol and pressure is employed to maintain methanol in the liquid phase. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent dimethyl 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalate.

Example 13 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.86 mole of cyclohexanol is used in place of 0.43

-mole of glycerol. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of cyclohexyl 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalates.

Example 15 The preparative method of Example 2 is repeated except 0.86 mole of Z-ethylhexanol is used in place of 0.43 mole glycerol. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of (2 ethylhexyl) 4 [polybutylcarboxyphenoxy] phthalates.

Ester products analogous to the foregoing illustrative esters can be prepared from 4-[polypropylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride wherein the polypropyl group contains 30 to 57 number average carbon atoms; i.e. polypropyl group as a Si in the range of 420 to 800. Likewise esters homologous to the foregoing ester products can be prepared from 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride wherein the polybutyl group contains 28 to 214 number average carbon atoms, i.e. the polybutyl group has a fi in the range of 400 to 3000.

Example 16 There is prepared in the following manner 4-[polypropylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride wherein R of Formula I is polypropyl of 800 fi i.e. the polypropyl group contains 57 number average carbon atoms. Equimolecular amounts of molten trirnellitic anhydride acid chloride and polypropylphenol (854 fi wherein the polypropyl group has 54 number average carbon atoms, dis solved in xylene are combined under pressure, stirred and heated to 460 F. Pressure is maintained to keep a liquid phase of xylene. After six hours reaction, xylene is distilled ofi leaving said 4-[polypropylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride as a residue.

The preparative method of Example 16 can be used to prepare the 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride of Example 1 when that product is not desired as an oil solution thereof. The 4-[alkylcarbophenoxy] phthalie anhydride compounds of Formula I (alkyl has 30-6000 carbon atoms) so prepared can be reacted with the hydroxy compounds to form ester products in the presence of solvents other than hydrocarbon oils, for example n-hexane, benzene, toluene and xylene. Likewise, the illustrative derivatives hereinafter described can also be prepared in solvents other than hydrocarbon oils. However, since compounds of Formula I and derivatives thereof are mainly useful as lubricant addition products, it is most convenient to prepare them as solutions in hydrocarbon solvents of the lubricating oil class.

Example 17 A solution containing 40 weight percent of the 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride (polybutyl group of 1500 fi described as product of Example 1) to provide 0.25 mole thereof is stirred and heated to 200 F. Thereafter ammonia in excess of 0.5 mole is injected into the hot liquid. Then the stirred solution is heated to 300 F. and ammonium gas injection is replaced by nitrogen gas injection to assist the removal of excess ammonia and lay-product water. The hot liquid is filtered. The filtrate contains 40 Weight percent 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalimide.

'Example 18 A quantity of 40 weight percent solution containing 0.25 mole of the 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride (polybutyl group of 1500 fi described in Example l) is stirred and heated to F. Then 0.23 mole of polyoxypropylene diamine MW) is added, the stirred mixture is heated to 250 F. and nitrogen gas is injected to assist the removal of lay-product water. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxyJphthalimide of polyoxypropylene diamine.

Example 19 A quantity of 40 weight percent solution containing 0.20 mole of the 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride (polybutyl group of 1500 M described in Example 1) 9 is stirred and heated to 150 F. Then 0.10 mole of N,N'- bis-aminopropyl piperazine is added to the stirred solution. The resulting stirred mixture is gradually heated to 250 and nitrogen gas is injected to assist the removal of by product water. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent bis-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalimide of N,N'- bis-aminopropyl piperazine and has a nitrogen content of 0.55 Weight percent.

Example 20 The preparative method of Example 19 is repeated except 0.142 mole of bis-aminopropyl pipera-zine is used in place of 0.1 mole thereof. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of a reaction product containing mainly 1:1 mono-imide analog of product of Example 19.

Example 21 The preparative method of Example 19 is repeated except 0.1 mole tetraethylene pentamine is used in place of 0.1 mole bis-aminopropyl piperazine. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent bis-4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalimide of tetraethylene pentamine.

Example v22 The preparative method of Example 21 is repeated except 0.2 tetraethylene pentamine is increased to 0.184 mole. The liquid filtrate contains 40 weight percent of 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalimide of tetraethylene pentamine.

' Example 23 The preparative method of Example 19 is repeated except 0.2 mole of N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine is used in place of 0.1 mole of the bisaminopropyl piperazine. The liquid filtrate contains 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalamide of said dimethylethylenediamine.

Example 24 Example 25 A solution of 0.2 mole of 4- [polypropylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride, wherein the polypropyl-substituent has an 800 fi or 57 number average carbon atoms, in toluene. This solution is stirred and heated to 160 F. and then 0.2 mole of aniline is added. The resulting stirred mixture is heated to 220 F. for 2 hours and then toluene is distilled therefrom. The residue is N-phenyl 4-[polypropylcarbophenoxy] phthalimide which is soluble in lubricating oil and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Example 26 The preparative method of Example 25 is repeated except 0.1 mole of p-phenylene diamine is used in place of 0.2 mole of aniline. The residue is p-phenylene1bis-[(4- polypropylcarbophenoxy) phthalimide] which is soluble in lubricating oil and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Example 27 A solution of 0.2 mole 4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride where the polybutyl-substituent has a 960 fi or 61 number average carbon atoms in n-hexane is prepared. This solution is stirred and heated to 140 F. and then 0.1 mole of hexamethylene diamine is added. The resulting stirred mixture is heated at n-hexane reflux temperature for 3 hours and then n-hexane is removed by 10 distillation. The residue is hexamethylene-bis-[(4-polybutylcarbophenoxy) phthalimide] which is soluble in lubricating oil and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Example 28 The preparative method of Example 27 is repeated except 0.1 mole of 1,4-cyclohexane diamine is used in place of 0.1 mole of hexamethylene diamine. The residue is bis-4- [polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalimide of 1,4-cyclohexane diamine which is soluble in lubricating oil and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Example 29 The solution of the 4-[polybutylcarbophenoxy] phthalic anhydride described as the product of Example 1 is converted to a solution of the corresponding phthalic acid in the following manner. To 380 grams of said solution (0.086 mole of said phthalic anhydride) heated to 150 F. there is added ml. hot F.) Water. The resulting mixture is vigorously stirred for 8 hours and then heated to F. at reduced pressure of 300 mm. Hg while nitrogen gas is injected into the mixture to assist removal of unreacted water. The water free solution contains 40.3 weight percent 4-[polybuty1 carbophenoxy] phthalic acid wherein the polybutyl-substituent has a 1500 E or 107 number average carbon atoms.

The following uses in crankcase lubricant oils of some of the foregoing illustrative examples are given to illustrate the use of the present inventive compounds as detergent-dispersant addition agent for lubricating oils. Said utility can be demonstrated by a Spot Dispersancy Test in which 0.5 gram of such compound is added to a measured volume of used crankcase oil which contains sludge to the extent the original dispersant-detergent addition agent is no longer capable of keeping the sludge suspended in the oil. To do this the mixture of 0.5 gram of the detergent-dispersant addition agent candidate is thoroughly mixed with the measured amount of used test oil (crankcase oil resulting from a Lincoln Engine Sequence V Test run for 384 hours), the stirred mixture is heated to 360 F. for 16 hours. As a control for purposes of comparison, the same volume of used crankcase oil is likewise heated and stirred to 360 F. for 16 hours without the addition of any fresh addition agent. Equal aliquot portions of each of the hot oils are deposited on different marked areas of a large sheet of blotter paper. The blotter paper is held at room temperature for 24 hours. The spot deposits develop into two separate, concentric rings. The inner ring is the sludge ring and the outer ring is the sludge free oil ring. The diameters of these rings are measured and the ratio of the diameter of the sludge ring (Ds) to the diameter of the oil ring (D0) times 100(Ds/D0X), an indicator of the dispersancy function of the tested candidate, is calculated. Said 0.5 gram of test candidate means 0.5 gram of diacid, imide, amide or ester product of the indicated present inventive composition and not of the solution thereof prepared by the reference example. Thus all the candidates were tested on the same weight basis. The results of such tests are shown in Table I. Ideally Ds/Dox 100 should be 100.

TABLE I.SPOT DISPERSANCY TEST Composition type Candidate added Example: 2

.Ds/Do X100 *Low values caused by presence of unreacted amine.

Another test is an actual test in a crankcase lubricating oil formulation use in types of gasoline powered engines of types commonly in actual commercial use. These engine tests are stand-run in contrast to run under actual use, i.e. in a passenger automobile. Three such engine tests here reported: Ford 289 cubic inch Engine Test, L-38 Engine Test and Caterpillar 1-H Engine Test are industry accepted tests conducted under conditions of operation accepted and approved by the various members of industry (oil formulators, engine manufacturers and Military Procurement Agency).

In the first two indicated engine tests the product of Example 2 (solution) was used at 5 volume percent in fresh base stock lubricating oil with anti-oxidant, antiwear, anti-corrosion and viscosity-improver addition agents to prepare a W-30 lubricating oil. The Ford 289 Engine Test is severe test for sludge and varnish deposit formation. The L-38 (also known as CLR-38) Engine Test is conducted to evaluate high temperature oxidation stability and Cu-Pb bearing corrosion. With respect to oxidation stability the oil performance is rated on a pass or fail evaluation based on oxidation by-product formation and Cu-Pb bearing loss. The Ford 289 Engine Test is sludge rated on numerical scale of 0-50 (50 is clean engine internals) and 0-50 varnish deposit on a like scale of 0-50 (again 50 is clean engine internals).

In those two tests the product (solution) of Example 2 glycerol ester product gave a 44 sludge and 42 varnish ratings in the Ford 289 Engine Test and a pass on oxidation with a 17 mg. bearing weight loss from the L-38 Engine Test.

In the third Engine test (Caterpillar l-H Engine Test) the solution product of Example 2 was used at 4 volume percent as detergent in fresh base stock lubricating oil together with anti-wear, anti-oxidant and anti-corrosion addition agents to prepare a diesel engine crankcase lubricating oil. This engine test is for high temperature detergency function of the candidate addition agent and is rated pass or fail on the bases of nature and amount of deposits in (amount filling) the four piston grooves, on (covering) the three piston lands and on (covering) the piston undercrown after 240 and 480 hours of engine operation under test conditions. The deposit evaluations are tabulated below and each test was rated pass.

The compounds of Formula I, 4-(alkyl-substituted carbophenoxy) phthalic anhydride, wherein the alkyl-substituent has 30 or more carbon atoms, and their dicarboxylic acid analogs are useful as anti-wear and anti-corrosion addition agents for lubricating oils where detergency or dispersancy is not needed or desirable for example in turbine oils as a replacement for the C -C alky1- and all enyl-substituted succinic anhydrides and acids previously used in turbine oils as anti-wear and anticorrosion agents. Said compounds of formula :I also are useful as anti-wear and anti-corrosion agents in cutting oils and in greases. The compositions of this invention are useful in hydrocarbon mixed oils for the purposes disclosed and illustrated in concentrations of 0.1 to weight percent.

Ester, amide and imide derivatives of compounds of Formula I will, from the respective illustrative esters, amides and imides, become obvious to those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:

1. A 4-(alkylcarbophenoxy) -phthalic acid compound of the formula:

wherein R is the alkyl-substituent has from 30-214 carbon atoms, or the dicarboxylic acid analog thereof.

2. The composition of Claim 1 wherein R is polybutyl group of 420 to 3000 fi 3. The phthalic anhydride compound of Claim 2 wherein R is polybutyl of 1500 E 4. The phthalic acid compound of Claim 2 wherein R is polybutyl of 1500 lid 5. The phthalic anhydride compound of Claim 2 wherein R is polybutyl of 960 M 6. The phthalic anhydride compound of Claim 5 wherein R is polypropyl-substituent of 420-1200 M 7. The phthalic anhydride compound of Claim 5 wherein R is polypropyl of 800 EL.

8. The phthalic anhydride compound of Claim 5 wherein R is polypropyl of 425 EL.

US. Cl. X.R.

25256 R; 260415 PN 

